via Vietnam Plus, 23 January 2023:
The Son Tay ancient fortress citadel, covering 16 ha in Son Tay township, 40 km from the centre of Hanoi, not only bears historic value but also attracts attention for its unique architecture. Tourists are able to see the remains of the once famous and important military rampart.
According to historical documents, Son Tay Citadel was built in 1822 during the reign of Emperor Minh Mang (1791-1841) under the Nguyen Dynasty. It was built entirely of laterite, a material that meets the requirements of a defensive building and was available locally.